Introduction Renewable energy has become increasingly important due to the growing demand for clean and sustainable power sources. Wind energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy resources because it is environmentally friendly and readily available. A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical and electrical energy. […]
Introduction Fluid mechanics is a basic engineering discipline that is concerned with the study of fluids in motion and at rest. Knowing how air flows around objects is critical in the design and analysis of aircraft, cars, wind turbines, buildings, bridges, and many other engineering systems. A wind tunnel is one of the best experimental
Introduction Flow visualization is one of the most important experimental techniques in fluid mechanics, as it helps to understand the behavior of fluid flow around different objects. It allows engineers and researchers to observe streamlines, flow separation, wake formation, and vortex structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Commercial water channels used for
Introduction Measuring the velocity of a fluid without disturbing its flow has been one of the most enduring problems in engineering. One of the easiest ways to solve this problem is by using the Pitot-static tube, an invention that dates back to 1732 when it was used by Henri Pitot to measure the velocity of
INTRODUCTION Flow pattern around a cylinder occurs when the boundary layer, slowed by viscous friction, cannot overcome the adverse pressure gradient encountered along the rear surface. As fluid moves past the cylinder’s maximum thickness, it decelerates, causing the pressure to rise in the direction of flow. This pressure increase forces the boundary layer to detach
Introduction Every aircraft, drone, and race car owes part of its performance to hours spent not in the sky or on the road, but inside a wind tunnel. In simple terms, a wind tunnel is a controlled channel of moving air — a setup built to recreate, on the ground and at a manageable scale,
Introduction Water pollution is a significant environmental challenge particularly floating plastic waste and debris. To address this issue on pond, this project introduces a River Cleaning Boat which is a floating mechanical device designed to actively collect surface waste from water bodies. Definition and Type of Concept Our project operates on a conveyor belt mechanism
Introduction Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest and a central result is Archimedes’ Principle any object that is completely or partially submerged in a fluid experience an upward force, called the buoyant force, equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. This one principal accounts for why ships float, why a
Introduction Liquid cooling systems have a variety of applications in different industries and technologies like automobiles, smartphones and manufacturing. Due to the higher thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of liquids, they are more efficient compared to gaseous cooling systems. Especially for spaces where the natural airflow cannot be used for effective direct cooling, liquids
Introduction Wind tunnels are essential tools for investigating aerodynamic characteristics and evaluating the performance of airfoils, aircraft, and other engineering structures under controlled airflow conditions. They provide accurate measurements of aerodynamic forces such as lift and drag, which are important for aerodynamic design and validation. Although Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a widely used
